A fume hood is a ventilated enclosure in which gases, vapours, and fumes are captured and removed from the work area. An exhaust fan on the top of the laboratory building pulls air and airborne contaminants through connected ductwork and exhausts them into the atmosphere.

The typical fume hood in laboratories is equipped with a movable front sash and an interior baffle. The sash may move vertically, horizontally, or combine the two depending on its design. It protects the hood user by acting as a barrier between the worker and the experiment.

The slots and baffles within the hood direct the air and, in many hoods, can be adjusted to allow the evenest flow. It is essential to prevent the baffles from becoming blocked, by excessive material storage or equipment, since this significantly affects the exhaust path within the hood and, as a result, the efficiency of hood capture.

Constant volume –the exhaust flow rate or quantity of air pulled through the hood is constant. In this configuration, when the sash is lowered, and the cross-sectional area of the hood opening decreases, the velocity of airflow (face velocity) through the hood increases proportionally. Thus, the air velocity at the hood face increases with the sash’s lowering.

Variable air volume (VAV) – the exhaust flow rate or quantity of air pulled through the hood varies as the sash is raised or lowered to maintain a constant face velocity. Therefore, when the sash is lowered and the cross-sectional area of the hood opening decreases, the rate of airflow (face velocity) through the hood remains constant, reducing the total air volume exhausted.

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When is a Fume Hood Necessary?

The determination that a fume hood is necessary for a particular experiment should be based on hazard analysis of the planned work. Such an analysis should include the following:

• A review of the physical characteristics, quantity and toxicity of the materials to be used;
• the experimental procedure;
• the volatility of the materials present during the experiment; 
• the probability of release; and
• the number and sophistication of manipulations.

Almost all laboratories have fume hoods according to their application.